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        <title>MathCity.org</title>
        <description>Merging man &amp; maths</description>
        <link>https://www.mathcity.org/</link>
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            <url>https://www.mathcity.org/_media/logo.svg</url>
            <title>MathCity.org</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/</link>
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        <item>
            <title>Metric Spaces (Notes)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/metric-spaces-notes</link>
            <description>Metric Spaces (Notes)

[Metric Spaces (Notes)]
These are updated version of previous notes. Many mistakes and errors have been removed. These notes are collected, composed and corrected by Atiq ur Rehman, PhD. These are actually based on the lectures delivered by Prof. Muhammad Ashfaq (Ex HoD, Department of Mathematics, Government College Sargodha). $(X,d)$$x,y\in X$$$\left| {\,d(x,\,A)\, - \,d(y,\,A)\,} \right|\,\, \le \,\,d(x,\,y).$$$A^c$$A\subset X$$x \in X$$B(x;r)$$A \subset X$$f:(X,d)\to (Y…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 18 Aug 2023 18:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/real-analysis-notes-by-prof-syed-gul-shah</link>
            <description>Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah

[Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah]

Real analysis, a discipline that explores the complexities of mathematical functions, limits, and sequences, can often be a difficult topic for students. Prof. Syed Gul Shah, as a true analyst, not only excelled in the subject but also gained fame for his extraordinary qualities as a human being.$s_n&lt;u_n&lt;t_n$$n\ge n_0$$\{s_n\}$$\{t_n\}$$\{u_n\}$$\{s_n\}$$\exists$$\left| {\,{s_n}}\right|&gt;\frac{1}{2}s$$\{s_n\}$…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 17 Apr 2023 04:04:23 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Groups (Handwritten Notes) by Atiq ur Rehman</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/groups-handwritten-notes</link>
            <description>Groups (Handwritten Notes) by Atiq ur Rehman

Groups are a basic idea in algebra, introduced in high school. It&#039;s a very interesting topic in math.

[Cube root of unity group]

	*  Name:  Groups (Handwritten notes)- Lecture Notes 
	*  Author: Atiq ur Rehman 
	*  Pages: 82 pages</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 18:07:44 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/advance-functional-analysis-waseem_akram</link>
            <description>Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram

[Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram]
These notes provide a concise yet dense overview of key theorems in functional analysis, including the Hahn-Banach Theorem, Baire Category Theorem, Open Mapping Theorem, Closed Graph Theorem, and Banach Fixed Point Theorem. The presentation is somewhat informal, with occasional typographical errors, incomplete proofs, and missing equation references. However, the core logical flow is preserved, making it u…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 07:51:28 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/advance-functional-analysis-waseem-akram</link>
            <description>Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram

[Advance Functional Analysis by Waseem Akram]
These notes provide a concise yet dense overview of key theorems in functional analysis, including the Hahn-Banach Theorem, Baire Category Theorem, Open Mapping Theorem, Closed Graph Theorem, and Banach Fixed Point Theorem. The presentation is somewhat informal, with occasional typographical errors, incomplete proofs, and missing equation references. However, the core logical flow is preserved, making it u…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 18:22:55 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/vector_spaces_handwritten_notes</link>
            <description>Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes)

[Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes) by Atiq ur Rehman]
Vector space is a fundamental subject in mathematics. At the undergraduate and upper secondary levels, the concept of vector space is regarded as basic and fundamental. These are lecture notes of Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khalid of University of Sargodha, Sargodha written by Atiq ur Rehman.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 15:18:56 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/real-analysis-hand-written-kaushef</link>
            <description>Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat

[Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat]

We are very thankful to Ms. Kaushef Salamat for providing these notes. Real Analysis is a core subject in BS or MSc Mathematics. Without a fundamental grasp of Real Analysis, one cannot claim to be a mathematician. These notes are very comprehensive containing almost all the notions of Real Analysis. For providing these notes, Ms. $\infty$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jan 2023 17:26:27 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Functional Analysis by Mr. Tahir Hussain Jaffery</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-tahir-hussain-jaffery</link>
            <description>Functional Analysis by Mr. Tahir Hussain Jaffery

[Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad]

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with vector space theory and linear algebra. It requires looking into the relationships between various roles, objects, incidents, actions, and results. The term $M$$M+N$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 18 Sep 2024 18:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/handwritten-notes-real-analysis-asim-marwat</link>
            <description>Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat

[Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat]

Real analysis is a branch of mathematics that analyses how real numbers, sequences and series, and real functions behave. It focuses on real numbers and frequently extends the real line by including positive and negative infinity. Real analysis investigates a number of the properties of real-valued sequences and functions, including convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiabilit…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 15 Apr 2023 17:26:13 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/ring_notes</link>
            <description>Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal

[Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal]
A handwritten notes on Ring (Algebra) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal (Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan). It is best to prepare a “Rings and Vector Spaces” section of your algebra paper or Algebra II for BS or MS Mathematics.$\phi$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 06:56:21 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Affine and Euclidean Geometry by Shahzad Idress</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/affine-and-euclidean-geometry-shahzad-idress</link>
            <description>Affine and Euclidean Geometry by Shahzad Idress

[Affine and Euclidean Geometry by Shahzad Idress]

These notes are sent by shahzad-idress. We acknowledged his efforts to published these notes on MathCity.org.

These are short notes containing topics related to Affine and Euclidean Geometry. The main sections includes $R^n$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jul 2023 10:30:52 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Rings (Handwritten notes) by Atiq ur Rehman</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/rings_handwritten_notes</link>
            <description>Rings (Handwritten notes) by Atiq ur Rehman

[Rings (Handwritten notes) by Atiq ur Rehman]
Ring is a two-operation mathematical structure. It is an abelian group with one operation and a semi-group with another operation, and the distributive law is true for the first operation relative to the second operation. This mathematical idea is fundamentally pure. These notes offer a very simple method for learning the concept of rings and other ideas that are closely related to rings. These are lecture…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 18:30:03 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Classical Mechanics by Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/classical-mechanics-muhammad-usman-hamid</link>
            <description>Classical Mechanics by Muhammad Usman Hamid

[Classical Mechanics by Muhammad Usman Hamid]

Objectives of the course:

To provide solid understanding of classical mechanics and enable the students to use this understanding while studying courses on quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, space-flight dynamics, astrodynamics and continuum mechanics.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jul 2024 18:38:28 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title>Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-m-usman-hamid-and-zeeshan-ahmad</link>
            <description>Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad

[Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad]

These notes are send by Muhammad Usman Hamid and written by Muhammad Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciate his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Usman is dedicated and committed mathematician, who is working very hard for better understanding of mathematics to it readers.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 18 Sep 2024 18:09:17 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Measure Theory Handwritten Notes by Asim Marwat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-notes-asim-marwat</link>
            <description>Measure Theory Handwritten Notes by Asim Marwat

[Measure Theory Notes by Asim Marwat]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Asim Marwat. He has our sincere gratitude for supplying these notes, and we value his effort in having them published on MathCity.org. Measure Theory is an important subject in BS Mathematics. These notes contain topic from base level, like equivalence set, to advance level, like convergent in measure.$L_p$$L_p$$L^\infty$$L_p$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 10 Feb 2023 17:43:56 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Group Theory by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/groups-theory-m-iftikhar</link>
            <description>Group Theory by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar

[Group Theory by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar]

These notes are send by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org.
 Name  Lecture Notes on Group Theory   Author  Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Aug 2022 18:28:27 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Rings &amp; Modules by Ms. Iqra Liaqat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/rings-and-modules-iqra-liaqat</link>
            <description>Rings &amp; Modules by Ms. Iqra Liaqat

Ring is a mathematical structure with two operations. With one operation it is abelian group and with other operation it is semi-group with distributive law holds with first operation w.r.t the other operation. This concept is of pure in nature in mathematics. These advanced level notes are typically taken as an elective in a mathematics undergraduate degree.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 14:30:33 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Fluid Mechanics II by Dr Rao Muzamal Hussain</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/fluid-mechanics-ii-muzammil-tanveer</link>
            <description>Fluid Mechanics II by Dr Rao Muzamal Hussain

[Fluid Mechanics I by Muzammil Tanveer]
These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. These notes are based on  lectures delivered by Mr. Muzammil Hussain at GC University Faisalabad.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2023 06:36:09 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Fundamental of Complex Analysis (Solutions of Some Exercises)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/fundamental-of-complex-analysis-prof-m-saleem</link>
            <description>Fundamental of Complex Analysis (Solutions of Some Exercises)

[Fundamental of Complex Analysis, Solutions of Some Exercises]

Complex analysis is the study of functions that exist in the complex plane, that is, functions with complex arguments and complex outputs. With roots in the 18th century and the years just before, it is one of the classical branches of mathematics. In the 20th century, significant figures in mathematics who are connected to complex numbers include Euler, Gauss, Riemann, …</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 15 Apr 2023 18:26:12 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Theory of Relativity &amp; Analytic Dynamics: Handwritten Notes</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/theory-of-relativity-and-analytic-dynamics</link>
            <description>Theory of Relativity &amp; Analytic Dynamics: Handwritten Notes

[Theory of Relativity &amp; Analytic Dynamics: Handwritten Notes]

Theory of Relativity and Analytic Dynamics is a subject that encompasses two distinct topics: relativity theory and analytic dynamics. Albert Einstein&#039;s theory of relativity defines the fundamental principles that control how moving objects behave in relation to one another and to the observer. The motion of objects as a result of forces and torques is the subject of analyt…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 07:42:56 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-dr-amir-mahmood</link>
            <description>Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis)

[Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis) ]
The study of complex numbers, together with their manipulation, derivatives, and other characteristics, is known as complex integration. Contour integration is a technique for analysing specific integrals along pathways in the complex plane in the field of complex analysis mathematics. The complex analytic technique known as the calculus of residues and contour integration are closely linked.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 06 Aug 2023 11:17:51 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-by-anwar-khan</link>
            <description>Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan

[Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan]

Measure theory is a branch of mathematics concerned with the concept of “measure,” which is a method of assigning a numerical value to specific sets. The concepts of length, area, and volume are generalised via measurements to more abstract environments, such as infinite-dimensional spaces and areas that cannot be seen.$X$$\sigma-$$X$$\sigma-$$\sigma-$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \sup A_k$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \inf A_k$…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2023 13:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Mechanics by Sir Nouman Siddique</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/mechanics-by-sir-nouman-siddique</link>
            <description>Mechanics by Sir Nouman Siddique

These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org

	*  Name: Mechanics
	*  Provider: Mr. Muzammil Tanveer</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 18:35:58 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/advanced-analysis-iqra-liaqat</link>
            <description>Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat

[Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat]

These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org
 Name  Advance Analysis   Sender  Ms. Iqra Liaqat   Author  $\sigma$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 15:08:17 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Differential Geometry (Notes) by Ms. Kaushef Salamat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-kaushef_salamat</link>
            <description>Differential Geometry (Notes) by Ms. Kaushef Salamat

[Differential Geometry by Ms. Kaushef Salamat]
Differential Geometry is an important field in the mathematical sciences. Usually, this is a compulsory or core subject for BS mathematics students.

These notes are send by Ms. Kaushef Salamat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 23 Aug 2025 11:29:10 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Topology: Handwritten Notes</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/topology-handwritten-notes</link>
            <description>Topology: Handwritten Notes

[House of Tau]
A topological space is a collection of points with a topology-a structure that describes how close two points are to one another. It is a generalisation of Euclidean spaces that makes it possible to investigate boundaries, continuity, and connectivity. A topology is a group of open sets, or subsets, that adhere to certain principles.$T_0$$T_1$$T_2$$\varepsilon-$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2025 09:43:45 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Vector Space (Review) by Rashad Wattu</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/vector-spaces-review-by-rashad-wattu</link>
            <description>Vector Space (Review) by Rashad Wattu

Mathematical vector space is a crucial and fundamental idea. It depends on the concept of field. These notes were primarily written to help maths students understand vector space, which is a concept that they all need to be familiar with.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 14:51:01 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Notes of Algebra</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/algebra</link>
            <description>Notes of Algebra

All the notes of algebra are given here.
[All the notes of algebra]


Algebra II by Syed Sheraz Asghar

A notes of Algebra-II composed by Muzammil Tanveer. We are very thankful to him for sending these notes.

Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid

Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and linear transformations. Best notes to prepare the subject written by</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 18:24:28 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Mathematical Statistics by Ms. Iqra Liaqat</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-statistics-iqra-liaqat</link>
            <description>Mathematical Statistics by Ms. Iqra Liaqat

[Mathematical Statistics by Ms. Iqra Liaqat]

These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org
 Name  Mathematical Statistics   Provided by</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 20 Apr 2023 12:30:11 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/measure-thoery-muhsa</link>
            <description>Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram

[Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram]

The study of measures on sets is the focus of the mathematical field known as measure theory. A measure is a function that gives specific subsets of a given set a non-negative real integer, indicating their size inferentially. The concept of measure is a formalisation and generalisation of common concepts like mass and event probability as well as geometrical measurements (length, area, and volume).</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 17:55:59 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Multiple Choice Questions (BSc/BS/PPSC) by Akhtar Abbas</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/multiple-choice-questions-bsc-bs-ppsc-akhtar-abbas</link>
            <description>Multiple Choice Questions (BSc/BS/PPSC) by Akhtar Abbas

[Multiple Choice Questions (BSc/BS/PPSC)]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Akhtar Abbas. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his efforts to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are given in these notes, which might be helpful in BSc, BS or Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) exams.$a$$b$$n$$na &gt; b$$(p − 1)! \equiv −1(mod p)$$p$$p$$p$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 17:45:10 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Number Theory: Handwritten Notes</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-handwritten-notes</link>
            <description>Number Theory: Handwritten Notes

[Number Theory: Handwritten Notes]
The study of the characteristics of the positive integers (1, 2, 3,...) is called number theory. It is significant because it has numerous uses in coding theory, combinatorics, cryptography, and other branches of mathematics and computer science. Some mathematicians also refer to number theory as the</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 08 Aug 2023 11:20:45 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Partial Differential Equations (PDE) by M Usman Hamid</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/partial-differential-equations-m-usman-hamid</link>
            <description>Partial Differential Equations (PDE) by M Usman Hamid

The course provides a foundation to solve PDE’s with special emphasis on wave, heat and Laplace equations, formulation and some theory of these equations are also intended.
We are really very thankful to Prof. Muhammad Usman Hamid for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 09 Mar 2025 09:27:42 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Vector &amp; Tensor Analysis by Dr Nawazish Ali (Solutions)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/vector-and-tensor-analysis-by-dr-nawazish</link>
            <description>Vector &amp; Tensor Analysis by Dr Nawazish Ali (Solutions)

[Vector &amp; Tensor Analysis by Dr Nawazish Ali (Solutions)]

We are very thankful to Prof. Fazal Abbas Sajid for sharing these solutions. Vector &amp; Tensor Analysis for Scientists and Engineers,
by Prof. Dr. Nawazish Ali Shah is a famous book taught in different universities of the Pakistan. On this page, we have added the solutions of the exercises of the book. Solutions of Chapter 5 is written by</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 06 Aug 2023 18:20:39 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Complex Analysis (Quick Review)</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-quick-review</link>
            <description>Complex Analysis (Quick Review)

[Complex Analysis: Quick Review]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Akhtar Abbas. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his efforts to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Important definitions and important results are the part of these notes, these might be helpful to prepare interviews or any other written test after graduation like PPSC, FPSC or etc.$z_1, z_2 \in S$$S$$v(x,y)$$u(x,y)$$f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)$$f$$D$$C$$D$…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 18:33:42 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/elementary-linear-algebra-m-usman-hamid</link>
            <description>Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid

[Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid]

Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and linear transformations. The main objective of this course is to help students learn in rigorous manner, the tools and methods essential for studying the solution spaces of problems in mathematics, engineering, the natural sciences and social sciences and develop mathematical skills needed to apply these to the problems arising within their field of st…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 10 Dec 2023 14:05:12 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/fluid-mechanics-ali-raza</link>
            <description>Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza

[Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza]

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies how fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) behave and interact with forces and energy. Fluid mechanics has many applications in engineering, geophysics, biology, and other fields.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 27 Jul 2024 16:23:08 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-prof-mumtaz-ahmad</link>
            <description>Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad

[Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad]

Functional analysis is a subfield of mathematics that deals with vector space theory and linear algebra. It entails researching the connections between roles, things, incidents, actions, and outcomes. The word $l^\infty$$l^\infty$</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 18 Sep 2024 18:11:56 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>General Topology by Azhar Hussain</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/general-topology-azhar-hussain</link>
            <description>General Topology by Azhar Hussain

[Topology Notes by Azhar Hussain]
The area of topology known as general topology (also known as point set topology) is concerned with the fundamental concepts and constructs of set theory utilised in topology. Most other fields of topology, such as differential topology, geometric topology, and algebraic topology, are built upon it.
The three key ideas of point-set topology are connectedness, compactness, and continuity. Continuous functions move points from on…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 06 Aug 2023 19:18:17 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Group Theory: Important Definitions and Results</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/group-theory-important-definitions-and-results</link>
            <description>Group Theory: Important Definitions and Results

[Group Theory: Important Definitions and Results]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Akhtar Abbas. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. These notes contains important definitions with examples and related theorem, which might be helpful to prepare interviews or any other written test after graduation like PPSC, FPSC or etc.$G$$a\in G$$\exists$$e\in G$$a\…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 10 Aug 2022 15:31:46 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Linear Algebra: Important Definitions and Results</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/linear-algebra-important-definitions-and-results</link>
            <description>Linear Algebra: Important Definitions and Results

[Linear Algebra: Important Definitions and Results]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Akhtar Abbas. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his efforts to publish these notes on MathCity.org. These notes contains important definitions with examples and related theorem, which might be helpful to prepare interviews or any other written test after graduation like PPSC, FPSC or etc.$V$$n$$n$$V$$W$$V$$A$$A$$A…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 10 Aug 2022 16:49:49 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Mathematical Method by Sir Muhammad Awais Aun</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-method-muzammil-tanveer</link>
            <description>Mathematical Method by Sir Muhammad Awais Aun

[Mathematical Method by Muzammil Tanveer]

Mathematical methods are the approaches employed by mathematicians to address issues in mathematics and science. Algebra, functions, relations and associated graphs, calculus, and statistics are examples of mathematical techniques. Through their usage in resolving practical issues, they are applied to modelling.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 17 Apr 2023 09:02:35 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Mathematical Statistics I by Muzammil Tanveer</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-statistics-i-muzammil-tanveer</link>
            <description>Mathematical Statistics I by Muzammil Tanveer

[Mathematical Statistics I]
These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org 
 Name  Mathematical Statistics</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 20 Apr 2023 16:11:58 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Mechanics II (Analytic Dynamics I) by Dr Babar Ahmad</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/mechanics-ii-analytic-dynamics-i-dr-babar-ahmad</link>
            <description>Mechanics II (Analytic Dynamics I) by Dr Babar Ahmad

[Mechanics II (Analytic Dynamics I) by Dr Babar Ahmad]

We are very thankful to Dr Babar Ahmad for sharing his book on MathCity.org. This book is very helpful for undergraduate students of Science and Engineering Programs. 

This book is shared by the permission of the author and he keeps the copyright of the book.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 24 May 2025 18:13:54 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/multivariable-calculus-sheikh-muhammad-saleem-shahzad</link>
            <description>Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad

[Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad]

	*  Have you ever wondered how we can understand the speed of a moving object at any instant of time?
	*  Did you know that Calculus can help us predict future trends by analyzing patterns in data?</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 17 Dec 2023 17:13:50 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-notes-anwar-khan</link>
            <description>Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan

[Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan]
Mathematicians who specialize in number theory examine the characteristics and connections between integers. “Higher arithmetic” and “the queen of mathematics” are some names for it.  Because it examines the characteristics and connections between integers and arithmetic functions, number theory is interesting. It has numerous uses in coding theory, combinatorics, cryptography, and other branches of mathematics. Like the ones…</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sat, 05 Aug 2023 18:47:01 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Partial Differential Equations (PDE) by Muzammil Tanveer</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/partial-differential-equations-muzammil-tanveer</link>
            <description>Partial Differential Equations (PDE) by Muzammil Tanveer

[Partial Differential Equations]
These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org 

Name: Partial Differential Equations or PDEs</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 09 Mar 2025 09:29:35 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Special Functions by Dr. Muhey-U-Din</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/special-functions-muzammil-tanveer</link>
            <description>Special Functions by Dr. Muhey-U-Din

These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Thease notes are based on the lectures by Dr. Muhey-U-Din.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jul 2023 16:48:30 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Topology and Functional Analysis Solved Paper by Noman Khalid</title>
            <link>https://www.mathcity.org/notes/topology-and-functional-analysis-solved-pu</link>
            <description>Topology and Functional Analysis Solved Paper by Noman Khalid

These solved papers are written and provided by Mr. noman-khalid. We are very thankful to him for providing these notes to publish on MathCity.org.

Topology and Functional Analysis is considered as one the tough subject in BS/MSc Mathematics in different universities. Here solved paper for the said subject is given for the University of the Punjab (PU), Lahore.</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Feb 2024 12:38:09 +0000</pubDate>
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